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	<title>United States Pirate Party - User contributions [en]</title>
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	<updated>2026-09-29T02:35:37Z</updated>
	<subtitle>User contributions</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.uspirates.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jokeefe&amp;diff=128161</id>
		<title>User talk:Jokeefe</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.uspirates.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Jokeefe&amp;diff=128161"/>
		<updated>2017-02-11T09:29:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mdupont: Created page with &amp;quot;==Hi== Howdy Joe, nice to see you online. ~~~~&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Hi==&lt;br /&gt;
Howdy Joe, nice to see you online.&lt;br /&gt;
[[User:Mdupont|Mdupont]] ([[User talk:Mdupont|talk]]) 04:29, 11 February 2017 (EST)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mdupont</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.uspirates.org/w/index.php?title=PDD_51&amp;diff=124980</id>
		<title>PDD 51</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.uspirates.org/w/index.php?title=PDD_51&amp;diff=124980"/>
		<updated>2017-01-13T12:16:52Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mdupont: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=Summary=&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_and_Homeland_Security_Presidential_Directive http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_and_Homeland_Security_Presidential_Directive]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Text=&lt;br /&gt;
National Security and Homeland Security Presidential Directive &lt;br /&gt;
NATIONAL SECURITY PRESIDENTIAL DIRECTIVE/NSPD 51&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
HOMELAND SECURITY PRESIDENTIAL DIRECTIVE/HSPD-20&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Subject: National Continuity Policy&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Purpose&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(1) This directive establishes a comprehensive national policy on the continuity of Federal Government structures and operations and a single National Continuity Coordinator responsible for coordinating the development and implementation of Federal continuity policies.	This policy establishes &amp;quot;National Essential Functions,&amp;quot; prescribes continuity requirements for all executive departments and agencies, and provides guidance for State, local, territorial, and tribal governments, and private sector organizations in order to ensure a comprehensive and integrated national continuity program that will enhance the credibility of our national security posture and enable a more rapid and effective response to and recovery from a national emergency.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Definitions&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(2) In this directive:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(a) &amp;quot;Category&amp;quot; refers to the categories of executive departments and agencies listed in Annex A to this directive;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(b) &amp;quot;Catastrophic Emergency&amp;quot; means any incident, regardless of location, that results in extraordinary levels of mass casualties, damage, or disruption severely affecting the U.S. population, infrastructure, environment, economy, or government functions;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(c) &amp;quot;Continuity of Government,&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;COG,&amp;quot; means a coordinated effort within the Federal Government&#039;s executive branch to ensure that National Essential Functions continue to be performed during a Catastrophic Emergency;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(d) &amp;quot;Continuity of Operations,&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;COOP,&amp;quot; means an effort within individual executive departments and agencies to ensure that Primary Mission-Essential Functions continue to be performed during a wide range of emergencies, including localized acts of nature, accidents, and technological or attack-related emergencies;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(e) &amp;quot;Enduring Constitutional Government,&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;ECG,&amp;quot; means a cooperative effort among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the Federal Government, coordinated by the President, as a matter of comity with respect to the legislative and judicial branches and with proper respect for the constitutional separation of powers among the branches, to preserve the constitutional framework under which the Nation is governed and the capability of all three branches of government to execute constitutional responsibilities and provide for orderly succession, appropriate transition of leadership, and interoperability and support of the National Essential Functions during a catastrophic emergency;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(f) &amp;quot;Executive Departments and Agencies&amp;quot; means the executive departments enumerated in 5 U.S.C. 101, independent establishments as defined by 5 U.S.C. 104(1), Government corporations as defined by 5 U.S.C. 103(1), and the United States Postal Service;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(g) &amp;quot;Government Functions&amp;quot; means the collective functions of the heads of executive departments and agencies as defined by statute, regulation, presidential direction, or other legal authority, and the functions of the legislative and judicial branches;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(h) &amp;quot;National Essential Functions,&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;NEFs,&amp;quot; means that subset of Government Functions that are necessary to lead and sustain the Nation during a catastrophic emergency and that, therefore, must be supported through COOP and COG capabilities; and&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(i) &amp;quot;Primary Mission Essential Functions,&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;PMEFs,&amp;quot; means those Government Functions that must be performed in order to support or implement the performance of NEFs before, during, and in the aftermath of an emergency.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Policy&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(3) It is the policy of the United States to maintain a comprehensive and effective continuity capability composed of Continuity of Operations and Continuity of Government programs in order to ensure the preservation of our form of government under the Constitution and the continuing performance of National Essential Functions under all conditions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Implementation Actions&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(4) Continuity requirements shall be incorporated into daily operations of all executive departments and agencies. As a result of the asymmetric threat environment, adequate warning of potential emergencies that could pose a significant risk to the homeland might not be available, and therefore all continuity planning shall be based on the assumption that no such warning will be received.	Emphasis will be placed upon geographic dispersion of leadership, staff, and infrastructure in order to increase survivability and maintain uninterrupted Government Functions.	Risk management principles shall be applied to ensure that appropriate operational readiness decisions are based on the probability of an attack or other incident and its consequences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(5) The following NEFs are the foundation for all continuity programs and capabilities and represent the overarching responsibilities of the Federal Government to lead and sustain the Nation during a crisis, and therefore sustaining the following NEFs shall be the primary focus of the Federal Government leadership during and in the aftermath of an emergency that adversely affects the performance of Government Functions:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(a) Ensuring the continued functioning of our form of government under the Constitution, including the functioning of the three separate branches of government;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(b) Providing leadership visible to the Nation and the world and maintaining the trust and confidence of the American people;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(c) Defending the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic, and preventing or interdicting attacks against the United States or its people, property, or interests;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(d) Maintaining and fostering effective relationships with foreign nations;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(e) Protecting against threats to the homeland and bringing to justice perpetrators of crimes or attacks against the United States or its people, property, or interests;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(f) Providing rapid and effective response to and recovery from the domestic consequences of an attack or other incident;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(g) Protecting and stabilizing the Nation&#039;s economy and ensuring public confidence in its financial systems; and&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(h) Providing for critical Federal Government services that address the national health, safety, and welfare needs of the United States.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(6) The President shall lead the activities of the Federal Government for ensuring constitutional government. In order to advise and assist the President in that function, the Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism (APHS/CT) is hereby designated as the National Continuity Coordinator. The National Continuity Coordinator, in coordination with the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs (APNSA), without exercising directive authority, shall coordinate the development and implementation of continuity policy for executive departments and agencies. The Continuity Policy Coordination Committee (CPCC), chaired by a Senior Director from the Homeland Security Council staff, designated by the National Continuity Coordinator, shall be the main day-to-day forum for such policy coordination.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(7) For continuity purposes, each executive department and agency is assigned to a category in accordance with the nature and characteristics of its national security roles and responsibilities in support of the Federal Government&#039;s ability to sustain the NEFs. The Secretary of Homeland Security shall serve as the President&#039;s lead agent for coordinating overall continuity operations and activities of executive departments and agencies, and in such role shall perform the responsibilities set forth for the Secretary in sections 10 and 16 of this directive.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(8) The National Continuity Coordinator, in consultation with the heads of appropriate executive departments and agencies, will lead the development of a National Continuity Implementation Plan (Plan), which shall include prioritized goals and objectives, a concept of operations, performance metrics by which to measure continuity readiness, procedures for continuity and incident management activities, and clear direction to executive department and agency continuity coordinators, as well as guidance to promote interoperability of Federal Government continuity programs and procedures with State, local, territorial, and tribal governments, and private sector owners and operators of critical infrastructure, as appropriate. The Plan shall be submitted to the President for approval not later than 90 days after the date of this directive.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(9) Recognizing that each branch of the Federal Government is responsible for its own continuity programs, an official designated by the Chief of Staff to the President shall ensure that the executive branch&#039;s COOP and COG policies in support of ECG efforts are appropriately coordinated with those of the legislative and judicial branches in order to ensure interoperability and allocate national assets efficiently to maintain a functioning Federal Government.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(10) Federal Government COOP, COG, and ECG plans and operations shall be appropriately integrated with the emergency plans and capabilities of State, local, territorial, and tribal governments, and private sector owners and operators of critical infrastructure, as appropriate, in order to promote interoperability and to prevent redundancies and conflicting lines of authority. The Secretary of Homeland Security shall coordinate the integration of Federal continuity plans and operations with State, local, territorial, and tribal governments, and private sector owners and operators of critical infrastructure, as appropriate, in order to provide for the delivery of essential services during an emergency.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(11) Continuity requirements for the Executive Office of the President (EOP) and executive departments and agencies shall include the following:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(a) The continuation of the performance of PMEFs during any emergency must be for a period up to 30 days or until normal operations can be resumed, and the capability to be fully operational at alternate sites as soon as possible after the occurrence of an emergency, but not later than 12 hours after COOP activation;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(b) Succession orders and pre-planned devolution of authorities that ensure the emergency delegation of authority must be planned and documented in advance in accordance with applicable law;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(c) Vital resources, facilities, and records must be safeguarded, and official access to them must be provided;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(d) Provision must be made for the acquisition of the resources necessary for continuity operations on an emergency basis;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(e) Provision must be made for the availability and redundancy of critical communications capabilities at alternate sites in order to support connectivity between and among key government leadership, internal elements, other executive departments and agencies, critical partners, and the public;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(f) Provision must be made for reconstitution capabilities that allow for recovery from a catastrophic emergency and resumption of normal operations; and&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(g) Provision must be made for the identification, training, and preparedness of personnel capable of relocating to alternate facilities to support the continuation of the performance of PMEFs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(12) In order to provide a coordinated response to escalating threat levels or actual emergencies, the Continuity of Government Readiness Conditions (COGCON) system establishes executive branch continuity program readiness levels, focusing on possible threats to the National Capital Region. The President will determine and issue the COGCON Level. Executive departments and agencies shall comply with the requirements and assigned responsibilities under the COGCON program. During COOP activation, executive departments and agencies shall report their readiness status to the Secretary of Homeland Security or the Secretary&#039;s designee.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(13) The Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(a) Conduct an annual assessment of executive department and agency continuity funding requests and performance data that are submitted by executive departments and agencies as part of the annual budget request process, in order to monitor progress in the implementation of the Plan and the execution of continuity budgets;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(b) In coordination with the National Continuity Coordinator, issue annual continuity planning guidance for the development of continuity budget requests; and&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(c) Ensure that heads of executive departments and agencies prioritize budget resources for continuity capabilities, consistent with this directive.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(14) The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(a) Define and issue minimum requirements for continuity communications for executive departments and agencies, in consultation with the APHS/CT, the APNSA, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, and the Chief of Staff to the President;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(b) Establish requirements for, and monitor the development, implementation, and maintenance of, a comprehensive communications architecture to integrate continuity components, in consultation with the APHS/CT, the APNSA, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, and the Chief of Staff to the President; and&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(c) Review quarterly and annual assessments of continuity communications capabilities, as prepared pursuant to section 16(d) of this directive or otherwise, and report the results and recommended remedial actions to the National Continuity Coordinator.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(15) An official designated by the Chief of Staff to the President shall:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(a) Advise the President, the Chief of Staff to the President, the APHS/CT, and the APNSA on COGCON operational execution options; and&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(b) Consult with the Secretary of Homeland Security in order to ensure synchronization and integration of continuity activities among the four categories of executive departments and agencies.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(16) The Secretary of Homeland Security shall:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(a) Coordinate the implementation, execution, and assessment of continuity operations and activities;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(b) Develop and promulgate Federal Continuity Directives in order to establish continuity planning requirements for executive departments and agencies;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(c) Conduct biennial assessments of individual department and agency continuity capabilities as prescribed by the Plan and report the results to the President through the APHS/CT;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(d) Conduct quarterly and annual assessments of continuity communications capabilities in consultation with an official designated by the Chief of Staff to the President;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(e) Develop, lead, and conduct a Federal continuity training and exercise program, which shall be incorporated into the National Exercise Program developed pursuant to Homeland Security Presidential Directive-8 of December 17, 2003 (&amp;quot;National Preparedness&amp;quot;), in consultation with an official designated by the Chief of Staff to the President;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(f) Develop and promulgate continuity planning guidance to State, local, territorial, and tribal governments, and private sector critical infrastructure owners and operators;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(g) Make available continuity planning and exercise funding, in the form of grants as provided by law, to State, local, territorial, and tribal governments, and private sector critical infrastructure owners and operators; and&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(h) As Executive Agent of the National Communications System, develop, implement, and maintain a comprehensive continuity communications architecture.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(17) The Director of National Intelligence, in coordination with the Attorney General and the Secretary of Homeland Security, shall produce a biennial assessment of the foreign and domestic threats to the Nation&#039;s continuity of government.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(18) The Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the Secretary of Homeland Security, shall provide secure, integrated, Continuity of Government communications to the President, the Vice President, and, at a minimum, Category I executive departments and agencies.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(19) Heads of executive departments and agencies shall execute their respective department or agency COOP plans in response to a localized emergency and shall:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(a) Appoint a senior accountable official, at the Assistant Secretary level, as the Continuity Coordinator for the department or agency;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(b) Identify and submit to the National Continuity Coordinator the list of PMEFs for the department or agency and develop continuity plans in support of the NEFs and the continuation of essential functions under all conditions;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(c) Plan, program, and budget for continuity capabilities consistent with this directive;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(d) Plan, conduct, and support annual tests and training, in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security, in order to evaluate program readiness and ensure adequacy and viability of continuity plans and communications systems; and&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(e) Support other continuity requirements, as assigned by category, in accordance with the nature and characteristics of its national security roles and responsibilities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
General Provisions&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(20) This directive shall be implemented in a manner that is consistent with, and facilitates effective implementation of, provisions of the Constitution concerning succession to the Presidency or the exercise of its powers, and the Presidential Succession Act of 1947 (3 U.S.C. 19), with consultation of the Vice President and, as appropriate, others involved. Heads of executive departments and agencies shall ensure that appropriate support is available to the Vice President and others involved as necessary to be prepared at all times to implement those provisions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(21) This directive:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(a) Shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and the authorities of agencies, or heads of agencies, vested by law, and subject to the availability of appropriations;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(b) Shall not be construed to impair or otherwise affect (i) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budget, administrative, and legislative proposals, or (ii) the authority of the Secretary of Defense over the Department of Defense, including the chain of command for military forces from the President, to the Secretary of Defense, to the commander of military forces, or military command and control procedures; and&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(c) Is not intended to, and does not, create any rights or benefits, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by a party against the United States, its agencies, instrumentalities, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(22) Revocation. Presidential Decision Directive 67 of October 21, 1998 (&amp;quot;Enduring Constitutional Government and Continuity of Government Operations&amp;quot;), including all Annexes thereto, is hereby revoked.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(23) Annex A and the classified Continuity Annexes, attached hereto, are hereby incorporated into and made a part of this directive.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(24) Security. This directive and the information contained herein shall be protected from unauthorized disclosure, provided that, except for Annex A, the Annexes attached to this directive are classified and shall be accorded appropriate handling, consistent with applicable Executive Orders.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
GEORGE W. BUSH&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*&#039;&#039;&#039;source&#039;&#039;&#039; http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/nspd/nspd-51.htm&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mdupont</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.uspirates.org/w/index.php?title=IT&amp;diff=85602</id>
		<title>IT</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.uspirates.org/w/index.php?title=IT&amp;diff=85602"/>
		<updated>2016-11-15T12:15:11Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mdupont: /* Current Projects */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
=== Resources ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[https://lists.riseup.net/www/info/pirate-it Mailing List]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
PirateIRC: #uspp-it&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Officers ==&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;Nerdherder (Chair):&#039;&#039;&#039; CalebLangeslag&lt;br /&gt;
::Phone: 507-210-4106&lt;br /&gt;
::Email: caleb@techsanity.us&lt;br /&gt;
:&#039;&#039;&#039;Gunner (Vice Chair):&#039;&#039;&#039; matuck&lt;br /&gt;
::Phone:&lt;br /&gt;
::Email:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Current Projects ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Possible Projects ==&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mdupont</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.uspirates.org/w/index.php?title=Intellectual_Rights&amp;diff=85601</id>
		<title>Intellectual Rights</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.uspirates.org/w/index.php?title=Intellectual_Rights&amp;diff=85601"/>
		<updated>2016-11-15T01:54:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mdupont: Created page with &amp;quot;from wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellectual_rights  Intellectual rights is a term sometimes used to refer to the legal protection afforded to owners of intellect...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;from wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellectual_rights&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Intellectual rights is a term sometimes used to refer to the legal protection afforded to owners of intellectual capital. This notion is more commonly referred to as &amp;quot;intellectual property&amp;quot;, though &amp;quot;intellectual rights&amp;quot; more aptly describes the nature of the protections afforded by most nations.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mdupont</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.uspirates.org/w/index.php?title=Trademark&amp;diff=85600</id>
		<title>Trademark</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.uspirates.org/w/index.php?title=Trademark&amp;diff=85600"/>
		<updated>2016-11-15T01:50:49Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mdupont: Created page with &amp;quot;from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trademark  A trademark, trade mark&amp;#039;, or trade-mark is a recognizable sign, design, or expression which identifies products or services of a...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trademark&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A trademark, trade mark&#039;, or trade-mark is a recognizable sign, design, or expression which identifies products or services of a particular source from those of others, although trademarks used to identify services are usually called service marks. The trademark owner can be an individual, business organization, or any legal entity. A trademark may be located on a package, a label, a voucher, or on the product itself. For the sake of corporate identity, trademarks are often displayed on company buildings.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mdupont</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.uspirates.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_copyright_law&amp;diff=85599</id>
		<title>United States copyright law</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.uspirates.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_copyright_law&amp;diff=85599"/>
		<updated>2016-11-15T01:47:29Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mdupont: Created page with &amp;quot;from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_law_of_the_United_States  The Copyright Law of the United States tries to encourage the creation of art and culture by rewarding a...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_law_of_the_United_States&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Copyright Law of the United States tries to encourage the creation of art and culture by rewarding authors and artists with a set of exclusive rights. Copyright law grants authors and artists the exclusive right to make and sell copies of their works, the right to create derivative works, and the right to perform or display their works publicly. These exclusive rights are subject to a time limit, and generally expire 70 years after the author&#039;s death. In the United States, any music composed before January 1st, 1923, is generally considered public domain.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
United States copyright law is governed by the Copyright Act of 1976. The United States Constitution explicitly grants Congress the power to create copyright law under Article 1, Section 8, Clause 8, known as the Copyright Clause. Under the Copyright Clause, Congress has the power:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The United States Copyright Office handles copyright registration, recording of copyright transfers, and other administrative aspects of copyright law.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mdupont</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.uspirates.org/w/index.php?title=Copyright_infringement&amp;diff=85598</id>
		<title>Copyright infringement</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.uspirates.org/w/index.php?title=Copyright_infringement&amp;diff=85598"/>
		<updated>2016-11-15T01:46:13Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mdupont: Created page with &amp;quot;from wikipedia :https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_infringement   Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing cer...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;from wikipedia :https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_infringement &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work&#039;s creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Copyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize – as &amp;quot;indirect&amp;quot; infringers – the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Estimates of the actual economic impact of copyright infringement vary widely and depend on many factors. Nevertheless, copyright holders, industry representatives, and legislators have long characterized copyright infringement as piracy or theft – language which some U.S. courts now regard as pejorative or otherwise contentious&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mdupont</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.uspirates.org/w/index.php?title=Fair_use&amp;diff=85597</id>
		<title>Fair use</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.uspirates.org/w/index.php?title=Fair_use&amp;diff=85597"/>
		<updated>2016-11-15T01:45:11Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mdupont: Created page with &amp;quot;from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_use  Fair use is a US legal doctrine that permits limited use of copyrighted material without acquiring permission from the rights hold...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_use&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fair use is a US legal doctrine that permits limited use of copyrighted material without acquiring permission from the rights holders. It is similar to the fair dealing doctrines used in some countries outside the United States. While according to the Supreme Court fair use is an affirmative defense, in Lenz v. Universal Music Corp., (the &amp;quot;dancing baby&amp;quot; case), the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit concluded that fair use was not merely a defense to an infringement claim, but was an expressly authorized right, and an exception to the exclusive rights granted to the author of a creative work by copyright law. &amp;quot;Fair use is therefore distinct from affirmative defenses where a use infringes a copyright, but there is no liability due to a valid excuse, e.g., misuse of a copyright.&amp;quot; Examples of fair use in United States copyright law include commentary, search engines, criticism, parody, news reporting, research, and scholarship. Although related, the limitations and exceptions to copyright for teaching and library archiving in the U.S. are located in a different section of the statute. Fair use provides for the legal, unlicensed citation or incorporation of copyrighted material in another author&#039;s work under a four-factor balancing test.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The term &amp;quot;fair use&amp;quot; originated in the United States. A similar-sounding principle, fair dealing, exists in some other common law jurisdictions but in fact it is more similar in principle to the enumerated exceptions found under civil law systems. Civil law jurisdictions have other limitations and exceptions to copyright.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fair use is one of the traditional safety valves intended to balance the interests of copyright holders with the public interest in the wider distribution and use of creative works by allowing certain limited uses that might otherwise be considered infringement.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mdupont</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.uspirates.org/w/index.php?title=Open_Knowledge&amp;diff=85596</id>
		<title>Open Knowledge</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.uspirates.org/w/index.php?title=Open_Knowledge&amp;diff=85596"/>
		<updated>2016-11-15T01:42:51Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mdupont: Created page with &amp;quot;from wikipedia : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_knowledge  Open knowledge is knowledge that one is free to use, reuse, and redistribute without legal, social or technologi...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;from wikipedia : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_knowledge&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Open knowledge is knowledge that one is free to use, reuse, and redistribute without legal, social or technological restriction. Open knowledge is a set of principles and methodologies related to the production and distribution of how knowledge works in an open manner. Knowledge is interpreted broadly to include data, content and general information.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The concept is related to open source and the Open Knowledge Definition is directly derived from the Open Source Definition. Open knowledge can be seen as being a superset of open data, open content and libre open access with the aim of highlighting the commonalities between these different groups.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mdupont</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.uspirates.org/w/index.php?title=Free/Libre_Open_Source_Software&amp;diff=85595</id>
		<title>Free/Libre Open Source Software</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.uspirates.org/w/index.php?title=Free/Libre_Open_Source_Software&amp;diff=85595"/>
		<updated>2016-11-15T01:41:36Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mdupont: from wikipedia&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;From wikipedia : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_open_source_software&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Free and open-source software (FOSS) is computer software that can be classified as both free software and open-source software. That is, anyone is freely licensed to use, copy, study, and change the software in any way, and the source code is openly shared so that people are encouraged to voluntarily improve the design of the software. This is in contrast to proprietary software, where the software is under restrictive copyright and the source code is usually hidden from the users.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2001, the European Commission (EC) first used the phrase FLOSS (Free/Libre and Open-Source Software) in a study they funded prepared under the leadership of Rishab Ghosh.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Unlike libre software, which aimed to solve the ambiguity problem, FLOSS aimed to avoid taking sides in the debate over whether it was better to say &amp;quot;free software&amp;quot; or to say &amp;quot;open-source software&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Proponents of the term point out that parts of the FLOSS acronym can be translated into other languages, with for example the F representing free (English) or frei (German), and the L representing libre (Spanish or French), livre (Portuguese), or libero (Italian), liber (Romanian) and so on. However, this term is not often used in official, non-English, documents, since the words in these languages for free as in freedom do not have the ambiguity problem of free in English.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
By the end of 2004, the FLOSS acronym had been used in official English documents issued by South Africa, Spain, and Brazil.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mdupont</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.uspirates.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Framca15&amp;diff=85594</id>
		<title>User talk:Framca15</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.uspirates.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Framca15&amp;diff=85594"/>
		<updated>2016-11-15T01:33:58Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mdupont: Created page with &amp;quot;==Howdy== Welcome to the wiki! ~~~~&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Howdy==&lt;br /&gt;
Welcome to the wiki!&lt;br /&gt;
[[User:Mdupont|Mdupont]] ([[User talk:Mdupont|talk]]) 20:33, 14 November 2016 (EST)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mdupont</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.uspirates.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Themikebest&amp;diff=85593</id>
		<title>User talk:Themikebest</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.uspirates.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Themikebest&amp;diff=85593"/>
		<updated>2016-11-15T01:33:33Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mdupont: Created page with &amp;quot;==Howdy== Welcome to the wiki! ~~~~&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Howdy==&lt;br /&gt;
Welcome to the wiki!&lt;br /&gt;
[[User:Mdupont|Mdupont]] ([[User talk:Mdupont|talk]]) 20:33, 14 November 2016 (EST)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mdupont</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.uspirates.org/w/index.php?title=User:Mdupont&amp;diff=85592</id>
		<title>User:Mdupont</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.uspirates.org/w/index.php?title=User:Mdupont&amp;diff=85592"/>
		<updated>2016-11-14T13:18:21Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mdupont: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;My name is James Michael DuPont. &lt;br /&gt;
I promote [[Free/Libre Open Source Software]] and [[Open Knowledge]]/[[Open Culture]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Bots==&lt;br /&gt;
I am running the usppwikibot&lt;br /&gt;
https://github.com/gehaxelt/python-rss2irc &lt;br /&gt;
to pickup changes from the wiki and post to irc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Possible Sources ===&lt;br /&gt;
https://www.rsssearchhub.com/feeds?q=pirate+party&lt;br /&gt;
http://piratetimes.net/feed/&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Other bots===&lt;br /&gt;
FB chat bridge&lt;br /&gt;
https://github.com/emersion/facebook-irc-bridge&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Twitter bridge&lt;br /&gt;
https://github.com/blha303/Twitter-IRC-Bridge&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
matrix irc bridge (for mobile users)&lt;br /&gt;
https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-appservice-irc&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Sources of data ===&lt;br /&gt;
https://github.com/RevSquare/django-social-feeds-parser or https://github.com/ttm/social social media feed&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mdupont</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.uspirates.org/w/index.php?title=User:Mdupont&amp;diff=85591</id>
		<title>User:Mdupont</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.uspirates.org/w/index.php?title=User:Mdupont&amp;diff=85591"/>
		<updated>2016-11-14T12:49:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mdupont: /* Bots */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;My name is James Michael DuPont. &lt;br /&gt;
I promote [[Free/Libre Open Source Software]] and [[Open Knowledge]]/[[Open Culture]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Bots==&lt;br /&gt;
I am running the usppwikibot&lt;br /&gt;
https://github.com/gehaxelt/python-rss2irc &lt;br /&gt;
to pickup changes from the wiki and post to irc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Possible Sources ===&lt;br /&gt;
https://www.rsssearchhub.com/feeds?q=pirate+party&lt;br /&gt;
http://piratetimes.net/feed/&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mdupont</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.uspirates.org/w/index.php?title=User:Mdupont&amp;diff=85590</id>
		<title>User:Mdupont</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.uspirates.org/w/index.php?title=User:Mdupont&amp;diff=85590"/>
		<updated>2016-11-14T12:29:54Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mdupont: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;My name is James Michael DuPont. &lt;br /&gt;
I promote [[Free/Libre Open Source Software]] and [[Open Knowledge]]/[[Open Culture]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Bots==&lt;br /&gt;
I am running the usppwikibot&lt;br /&gt;
https://github.com/gehaxelt/python-rss2irc &lt;br /&gt;
to pickup changes from the wiki and post to irc.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mdupont</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.uspirates.org/w/index.php?title=User:Mdupont&amp;diff=85589</id>
		<title>User:Mdupont</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.uspirates.org/w/index.php?title=User:Mdupont&amp;diff=85589"/>
		<updated>2016-11-14T12:25:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mdupont: Created page with &amp;quot;My name is James Michael DuPont.  I promote Free/Libre Open Source Software and Open Knowledge/Open Culture.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;My name is James Michael DuPont. &lt;br /&gt;
I promote [[Free/Libre Open Source Software]] and [[Open Knowledge]]/[[Open Culture]].&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mdupont</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>